A Twitch streamer has filed a proposed class action accusing Twitch Interactive and parent company Amazon of using millions of creators’ livestreams, videos, clips and chat logs to train Amazon’s generative AI products without consent or compensation.

Warren Pandiscia, a Connecticut-based creator with more than 900 followers who streams LEGO builds and video games, filed the complaint August 20 in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California, Courthouse News first reported the news. The case alleges breach of implied contract and the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing, breach of express contract, unjust enrichment, and violation of California’s Unfair Competition Law.

The suit centers on an August 12 policy disclosure in which Twitch confirmed that Amazon uses channel content, including streams, VODs, clips, chats, and channel pictures and text, to train generative AI models “across Amazon.” The setting was enabled by default; creators must opt out manually through their account settings. Twitch simultaneously amended its Terms of Service and Privacy Notice, narrowing prior consumer-protective language and adding new provisions addressing AI training.

According to the complaint, Twitch’s Chief Product Officer, Mike Minton, defended the opt-out design during a livestreamed Q&A: “If it was opt-in, nobody would opt in. That’s honestly the answer.” The complaint also cites Minton’s 2024 remarks, made while he served as Twitch’s Chief Monetization Officer, acknowledging that Twitch content was already being used for AI development in a “prototyping” capacity at the time, more than two years before any disclosure or opt-out mechanism existed.

Pandiscia alleges the opt-out setting cannot resolve the underlying dispute even going forward, because it applies at the channel level rather than the individual level. A person who opts out can still have their chat messages captured if they post in another creator’s channel, since that channel owner’s setting governs. “By design, defendants never obtain – and their systems are incapable of obtaining – the consent of all parties to the communications they capture,” the complaint states.

The complaint further argues that Twitch’s own August 12 contract amendments undercut the company’s position: the operative Terms of Service in effect since March 2024 tied Twitch’s content license to “monetizing the Twitch Services,” language the company changed the same day it disclosed the AI-training program to instead cover use “in connection with Twitch and/or its affiliates’ business.” Pandiscia’s lawyers argue that rewrite would have been unnecessary had the earlier terms already authorized the practice.

Pandiscia says he “had no reason to believe” his content would be used this way and opted out as soon as the setting became available. He is seeking class certification, declaratory and injunctive relief, damages, restitution, and disgorgement of profits on behalf of a nationwide class of Twitch creators. 

Amazon acquired Twitch in 2014 for approximately $970 million.

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